Religious leaders from throughout history.
-
Baha Ullah (born 1817, died 1892)
Persian religious leader. Original name: Mirza Husayn Ali Nuri.
-
St. Benedict of Nursia
Sixth-century Italian monk.
- Founded the Benedictine monastic order
-
Brigham Young (born 1801, died 1877)
American Mormon leader.
- Elected head of the Mormon church after Joseph Smith''s murder, he led the settlement of Utah
-
Charles T. Russell (born 1852, died 1916)
American theologian
- Founded the Jehovah''s Witnesses
-
Cotton Mather (born 1663, died 1728)
American author and Puritan minister.
- His writings did much to create the hysterical atmosphere that brought about the Salem witch trials
-
Dwight Moody (born 1837, died 1899)
American evangelist.
- Founded Northfield Seminary for girls, Mount Hermon for boys, and the Moody Bible Institute
-
Elijah Muhammad (born 1897, died 1975)
American religious leader. Original name: Elijah Poole.
- Leader of the black separatist Nation of Islam, 1934-75
-
St. Francis of Assisi (born 1182, died 1226)
Italian friar and preacher.
- Founded the Franciscan order
-
George Fox (born 1624, died 1691)
English religious leader.
- Founded the Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers
-
St. Ignatius of Loyola (born 1491, died 1556)
Spanish soldier and clergyman.
-
Jan Huss (died 1415)
Czech religious reformer.
- Excommunicated and burned at the stake for heresy
-
John Wesley (born 1703, died 1791)
English theologian and evangelist.
-
John Biddle (born 1615, died 1662)
English philosopher.
- Founded English Unitarianism; banished from England by Oliver Cromwell
-
John Cotton (born 1585, died 1652)
English-born American Puritan clergyman known as the ''Patriarch of New England.''
-
John Wycliffe (died 1384)
English theologian and reformer. Sometimes called the ''Morning Star of the Reformation.''
- Initiated the first complete English translation of the Bible
-
John Calvin (born 1509, died 1564)
French theologian.
- A leading figure of the Protestant Reformation; founded Calvinism and established a theocratic government in Geneva
-
John Knox (born 1505, died 1572)
Scottish reformer, writer and statesman.
- Organized the Presbyterian Church in Scotland
-
Jonathan Edwards (born 1703, died 1758)
American Congregationalist clergyman and theologian.
- Led a revival that spread throughout the country; some converts committed suicide
-
Joseph Smith (born 1805, died 1844)
American religious leader.
- Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, also known as the Mormon Church
-
Lyman Abbott (born 1835, died 1922)
American Congregationalist clergyman and author.
- Editor of the Christian newspaper The Outlook
-
St. Patrick
Patron saint of Ireland.
- Fifth-century bishop who brought Christianity to Ireland
-
Philipp Melanchthon (born 1497, died 1560)
German scholar, educator and religious reformer.
- Friend and supporter of reformer Martin Luther
-
Roger Williams (died 1683)
English-American clergyman who founded Rhode Island.
- A leading advocate of religious freedom
-
St. Thomas à Becket (born 1118, died 1170)
Norman noble who served as chancellor of England and archbishop of Canterbury.
- A staunch defender of the Church''s independence of lay authority, he was murdered by agents of Henry II
-
Thomas Cranmer (born 1489, died 1556)
English Protestant reformer. Condemned for heresy by the Catholic Queen Mary I and burned at the stake.
- Archbishop of Canterbury, 1533-56
-
Thomas à Kempis (born 1380, died 1471)
German clergyman and writer.
- Believed to be the author of The Imitation of Christ, the most widely read Christian devotional handbook in history
-
William Ellery Channing (born 1780, died 1842)
American clergyman and reformer.
- A leading figure of the Transcendentalist movement and the founder of the Unitarian Church in America
-
St. Paul
Converted to Christianity after Jesus' death, he became apostle to the gentiles. Original name: Saul of Tarsus.
- Instrumental in the spread of Christianity beyond its Jewish base
-
St. Peter
Galilean fisherman who was one of Jesus' first disciples.
- Leader of the apostles and, in Roman Catholic tradition, the first Pope
-
Martin Luther (born 1483, died 1546)
German theologian and reformer.
- Launched the Protestant Reformation by nailing his 95 theses attacking the sale of indulgences to the door of the Wittenberg cathedral
-
St. Nicholas
Fourth-century Christian leader.
- Patron saint of children, virgins, sailors and thieves
-
Sun Myung Moon (born 1920)
Korean evangelist whose followers are commonly known as ''Moonies.''
- Founded the Unification Church
-
St. Dominic (died 1221)
Spanish religious leader.
- Founded the Order of Friars Preachers (Dominicans) in 1216
-
Siddhartha Gotama
Prince who gave up his wealth and position to become a wandering ascetic. He lived in the 5th or 6th century B.C., in present-day India and Nepal.
-
Paul I - VI
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Six popes served under this name, from Paul I (757-767) to Paul VI (1963-1978)
-
John I - XXIII
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Twenty-two popes served under this name, from John I (523-526) to John XXIII (1958-1963). Officially, there was no pope John XVI, because the man who called himself by that title, John Philagathus, was an antipope(997-998) during the reign of Grgory V.
-
Pius I - XII
Twelve Roman Catholic popes served under this name, from Pius I (140-155) to Pius XII (1939-1958)
- Pius XII (1939-1958): first pope to visit the United Staes; Pius X (1903-14) who wanted "to restore all things in Christ" attacked modernism
-
Benedict I - XV
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Fifteen popes served under this name, from Benedict I (575-579) to Benedict XV (1914-1922)
-
Leo I - XIII
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Thirteen popes served under this name, from Leo I (440-461) to Leo XIII (1878-1903)
-
Gregory I - XVI
Sixteen Roman Catholic popes served under this name, from Gregory I (590-604) to Gregory XVI (1831-1846).
- Gregory I (590-640) compiled the Roman chant; Gregory XIII (1572-1585) reformed the calendar in 1578
-
Clement I - XIV
Fourteen Roman Catholic popes served under this name, from Clement I (88-97) to Clement XIV (1769-1774).
- Clement V (1305-1314), the first pope at Avignon, encouraged the study of Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic in the universities of Oxford, Paris, Bologna and Salamanca; the Church of England broke away from Rome under Clement VII (1523-1534)
-
Innocent I - XIII
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Thirteen popes served under this name, from Innocent I (401-417) to Innocent XIII (1721-1724). Of these, the most important was Innocent III(1198-1216) who abolished nepotism in the papacy.
-
Alexander I - VIII
Eight Roman Catholic popes served under this name, from Alexander I (105-115) to Alexander VIII (1689-1691).
- Alexander VI (1492-1503) issued the Papal Bull of Demarcation which divided the pagan areas of the New World between Portugal and Spain
-
Urban I - VIII
Eight Roman Catholic popes reigned under this name, from Urban I (222-230) to Urban VIII (1623-1644).
- Urban V (1362--1370) encouraged learning by founding universities at Cracow and Vienna; Urban VIII (1623-1644) condemned Galileo Galilei to death
-
Sixtus I - V
Five Roman Catholic popes served under this name, from Sixtus I (115-125) to Sixtus V (1585-1590).
- Sixtus V (1585-1590) reorganized the papacy, limited the number of cardinals whom he grouped into congregations
-
Marcellus I - II
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Two popes served under this name, Marcellus I (308-309) and Marcellus II (April 1555)
-
Julius I - III
Roman Catholic leaders.
-
Adrian I - VI
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Six popes served under this name, from Adrian I (772-795) to Adrian VI (1522-1523)
-
Callistus I - III
Three Roman Catholic popes served under this name from Callistus I (217-222) to Callistus III (1445-1448)
- Pope Callistus II (1119-1124) ruled that a marriage involving a Roman Catholic clergy was null and void
-
Nicholas I - V
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Five popes served under this name, from Nicholas I (858-867) to Nicholas V (1447-1455)
-
Eugene I - IV
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Four popes served under this name, from Eugene I (655-657) to Eugene IV (1431-1447)
-
Martin I - V
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Five popes served under this name, from Martin I (649-655) to Martin V (1417-1431)
-
Boniface I - IX
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Nine popes served under this name, from Boniface I (418-422) to Boniface IX (1389-1404)
-
Honorius I - IV
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Four popes served under this name, from Honorius I (625-638) to Honorius IV (1285-1287)
-
Lucius I - III
Three Roman Catholic popes from Lucius I (253-254) to Lucius III (1181-85) reigned under this name.
- Pope Lucius I (253-254) was a saint
-
Anastasius I - IV
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Four popes served under this name, from Anastasius I (399-401) to Anastasius IV (1153-1154)
-
Victor I - III
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Three popes served under this name, from Victor I (189-199) to Victor III (1086-1087)
-
Sylvester I - III
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Three popes served under this name, from Sylvester I (314-335) to Sylvester III (January - March 1045)
-
Sergius I - IV
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Four popes served under this name, from Sergius I (687-701) to Sergius IV (1009-1012)
-
Marinus I - II
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Two popes served under this name, from Marinus I (882-884) to Marinus II (942-946)
-
Lando
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Theodore I - II
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Two popes served under this name, Theodore I (642-649) to Theodore II (November - December 897)
-
Romanus
Roman Catholic leader.
- Pope, August - November 897
-
Formosus
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Valentine
Roman Catholic leader.
- Pope, August - September 827
-
Zachary
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Constantine
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Conon
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Agatho
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Severinus
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Pelagius I - II
Roman Catholic leaders.
- Two popes served under this name, Pelagius I (556-561) and Pelagius II (579-590)
-
Vigilius
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Silverius
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Felix I - IV
Four popes served under this name, from Felix I (269-274) to Felix IV (526-530) although there were three officially recognized popes who bore the name Felix. Felix II (355-358) was antipope.
- Saint Felix who was pope from 483-492, is either Felix II or III in official Roman Catholic documents.
-
Simplicius
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Hilarius
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Peter
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Linus
Succeeded Peter as leader of the christian church.
- Roman Catholic pope, 67-76
-
Anacletus (died 91)
Second Roman Catholic pope after Peter.
- He was Roman Catholic pope from 76 to 88
-
Evaristus
Roman Catholic pope and fourth successor of St Peter.
-
Telesphorus
The seventh Roman bishop in succession after St Peter.
- He was Roman Catholic pope from 125 to 136 when he died as a martyr
-
Soter
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Eleutherius
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Zephyrinus
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Pope Fabian
Roman Catholic saint and pope (236-250)
- Pope Fabian died for his faith under the Balkan ruler Trajan Decius (249-251)
-
Pope Cornelius
Roman Catholic saint and pope (251-253).
- Pope Cornelius was killed for his faith under Emperor Trebonianus Gallus
-
Dionysius
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Caius
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Marcellinus
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Eusebius
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Marcus
Roman Catholic leader.
- Pope, January - October 336
-
Liberius
Roman Catholic leader.
-
Stephen I-X
Ten Roman Catholic popes, from Stephen I (254-257) to Stephen X (1057-1058) served under this name.
- Pope Stephen II (752) was pope for only four days before he died; Stephen III (752-757) was the first pope-king
-
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (born 1900, died 1989)
Iranian religious and political leader.
- Shiite Moslem cleric who led a successful 1979 revolution, and ruled the country until his death
-
Nagarjuna
Second-century Indian philosopher.
- A key figure in the early spread of Buddhism
-
Nanak (born 1469, died 1539)
Indian religious leader.
-
Clive Staples (C. S.) Lewis (born 1898, died 1963)
Christian author
- Christian author of Chronicles of Narnia and many other inflential books
-
Pope John Paul II (born 1920)
Polish Pope, born Karol Wojtyla
- Roman Catholic Pope 1978-