Danish physicist who helped discover the asymmetry of atomic nuclei.

• 1975 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with James Rainwater and Ben Mottelson

Pakistani physicist who studied interactions between particles.

• 1979 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Glashow

American physicist who measured the movement of the Earth through space.

• 1907 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

German-American physicist whose theories of relativity greatly influenced 20th-century science and culture.

• 1921 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Russian scientist known for his work in the field of quantum electronics.

• 1964 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Nikolai Basov and Charles Townes

Swiss scientist known for his discovery of new superconducting materials.

• 1987 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with J. Georg Bednorz

French physicist who studied herzian resonances in atoms.

• 1966 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British scientist who discovered pulsars.

• 1974 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Martin Ryle

French scientist who discovered spontaneous radioactivity.

• 1903 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Marie and Pierre Curie

American scientist who discovered cosmic microwave background radiation.

• 1978 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Pyotr Kapitsa and Robert Wilson

American physicist who studied X-rays.

• 1927 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Charles Wilson

American scientist who helped develop laser spectroscopy.

• 1981 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn

American-born Danish physicist known for his work with atomic nuclei.

• 1975 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with James Rainwater and Aage Bohr

British physicist known for his theories on supercurrents.

• 1973 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Ivar Giaever and Leo Esaki

American physicist who discovered the J-particle.

• 1976 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Samuel Ting

German physicist who helped develop wireless telegraphy.

• 1909 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Guglielmo Marconi

American physicist who discovered the positron.

• 1936 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Victor Hess

Italian physicist who helped discover the field particles W and Z.

• 1984 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Simon van der Meer

British physicist who used photographic methods to study nuclear processes.

• 1950 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Indian physicist known for his work on the scattering of light.

• 1930 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British physicist known for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by vapor condensation.

• 1927 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Arthur Compton

British physicist who studied Rontgen radiation.

• 1917 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Swiss physicist who discovered anomalies in nickel steel alloys.

• 1920 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist known for his work in the field of quantum electronics.

• 1964 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Hikolai Basov and Aleksander Prochorov

Chinese-American physicist known for his studies on the decay of elementary particles. Also known as Frank Yang.

• 1957 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Tsung-dao Lee

American physicist who discovered that electrons can be diffracted like light waves.

• 1937 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with George Thomson

Hungarian-born British physicist who invented holography.

• 1971 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist who invented the bubble chamber.

• 1960 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British physicist known for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere.

• 1947 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist who developed nuclear magnetic measurement instruments.

• 1952 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Felix Bloch

Italian-born American physicist; co-discoverer of antiprotons and antineutrons.

• 1959 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Owen Chamberlain

Italian-born American physicist who studied quantum theory and atomic structure.

• 1938 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Irish physicist known for his work with artifically accelerated atomic particles.

• 1951 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with John Cockroft

German physicist who designed the first electron microscope.

• 1986 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer

American physicist who invented the cyclotron.

• 1939 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Austrian physicist known for his contributions to quantum mechanics.

• 1933 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Paul Dirac

Hungarian-born American physicist.

• 1963 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Maria Goeppert-Mayer and J. Hans Jensen

Swiss-born American physicist who studied the magnetic field of atomic nuclei.

• 1952 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Edward Purcell

Danish physicist who invented the phase contrast microscope.

• 1953 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

French physicist who invented the color photographic plate.

• 1908 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Swiss physicist who helped discover new superconducting materials.

• 1987 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with K. Alex Müller

British physicist who discovered that electrons, like light, can be diffracted.

• 1937 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Clinton Davisson

Polish-born French physicist who developed a device to trace the paths of subatomic particles.

• 1992 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

German physicist who helped design the scanning tunneling microscope.

• 1986 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Ernst Ruska and Heinrich Rohrer

German physicist who bombarded atoms with electrons.

• 1925 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with James Franck

Swedish physicist who studied electromagnetic interactions between elementary particles.

• 1970 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Louis Néel

German physicist known for his discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure.

• 1963 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Maria Goeppert-Mayer and Eugene Wigner

American physicist who developed the ion trap technique.

• 1989 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Norman Ramsey and Wolfgang Paul

Dutch physicist known for his studies of the properties of matter at low temperatures.

• 1913 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Swiss physicist who helped design the scanning tunneling microscope.

• 1986 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Ernst Ruska and Gerd Binnig

Dutch physicist who studied electromagnetic radiation.

• 1902 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Pieter Zeeman

American physicist who proved the existence of quarks, the fundamental building blocks of matter.

• 1990 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Richard E. Taylor and Jerome I. Friedman

Japanese physicist who predicted the existence of mesons.

• 1949 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Soviet physicist and advocate for the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

• 1958 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Pavel Cherenkov and Ilya Frank

Soviet physicist who studied electron radiation, gamma rays, and neutron beams.

• 1958 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Pavel Cherenkov and Igor Tamm

American physicist who developed a method for measuring the magnetic properties of atoms.

• 1944 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Norwegian-born American physicist known for his work with superconductors.

• 1973 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson

German-born American physicist known for his studies of neutrinos.

• 1988 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Leon Lederman and Melvin Schwartz

American physicist who studied the shapes of atomic nuclei.

• 1975 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Ben Mottelson and Aage Bohr

American physicist who showed that particle interaction is not independent of the direction of time.

• 1980 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Val L. Fitch

British physicist who discovered the neutron.

• 1935 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

German physicist who bombarded atoms with electrons.

• 1925 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Gustav Hertz

French physicist who studied the motion of particles suspended in a liquid.

• 1926 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist who helped prove the existence of quarks, the fundamental building blocks of matter.

• 1990 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Richard E. Taylor and Henry W. Kendall

Dutch physicist who studied the gaseous and liquid states of matter.

• 1910 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

German physicist who headed Hitler's Reich Physical-Technical Institute from 1933-39.

• 1919 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British physicist who discovered argon.

• 1904 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist known for helping develop the theory of superconductivity.

• 1972 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist who helped develop the transistor.

• 1956 (with Walter Brattain and William Shockley) and 1972 (with Leon Cooper and John Schrieffer) Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British physicist who, with the help of Ernest Walton, was the first to split an atom.

• 1951 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Ernest Walton

British physicist who discovered the electron.

• 1906 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist who helped discover a binary pulsar.

• 1993 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Russell A. Hulse

American physicist known for his work in quantum electrodynamics.

• 1965 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Richard Feynman and Shinichiro Tomonaga

Swedish physicist known for his work on spectroscopy. Son of 1924 Nobel prize-winning physicist Karl Siegbahn.

• Winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics, with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur Schawlow

Swedish physicist who studied X-ray spectroscopy.

• 1924 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist known for his work on the phase transitions of matter.

• 1982 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

German physicist known for his studies of electrical resistance.

• 1985 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Japanese physicist known for his work with superconductors. Original name: Esaki Reiona.

• 1973 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Ivar Giaever and Brian Josephson

American physicist who helped develop the theory of superconductivity.

• 1972 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with John Bardeen and John Schrieffer

American physicist known for his studies of neutrinos.

• 1988 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger

Soviet theoretical physicist.

• 1962 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

French physicist known for his discoveries in magnetism and solid-state physics.

• 1970 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Hannes Alfven

French physicist who discovered the wave nature of electrons.

• 1929 Nobel Prize winner in Physics
• 1929 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British physicist known for his research in radio astrophysics.

• 1974 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Antony Hewish

German physicist known for his work on the diffraction of X-rays.

• 1914 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British physicist known for his research in quantum mechanics.

• 1954 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Walter Bothe

German physicist known for his major contributions to quantum theory.

• 1918 Nobel Prize winner for physics

American physicist known for his studies of neutrinos.

• 1988 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Leon Lederman and Jack Steinberger

American physicist known for his studies of elementary particles.

• 1969 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British physicist known for his studies of electrical conduction in noncrystalline solids.

• 1977 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with John Van Vleck and Philip Anderson

Dutch-born American physicist known for his contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy.

• 1981 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Arthur Schaalow and Kai Siegbahn

Danish physicist who was one of the founders of quantum mechanics.

• 1922 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Russian physicist known for his work in the field of quantum electronics.

• 1964 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Aleksander Prochorov and Charles Townes

Swedish physicist who invented a sun-activated valve used in automated lighthouses and buoys.

• 1912 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist whose discoveries led to the development of the atomic clock.

• 1989 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Hans G. Dehmelt and Wolfgang Paul

German-born American physicist who developed the molecular beam.

• 1943 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British physicist who proved that hot metal emits electrons.

• 1928 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist who helped discover the antiproton.

• 1959 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Emilio Segre

British physicist known for his studies of cosmic radiation.

• 1948 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British physicist and mathematician known for his unique contributions to quantum theory.

• 1933 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Erwin Schrödinger

Soviet physicist who discovered the effect that bears his name.

• 1958 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm

American physicist known for his work in the field of high-pressure physics.

• 1946 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist whose discoveries made it possible to make key computer components at a low cost.

• 1977 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with John Van Vleck and Nevill Mott

German physicist who studied cathode rays.

• 1905 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

French physicist known for research on radiation, conducted jointly with his wife, Marie.

• 1903 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Marie Curie and Antoine Henri Becquerel

French physicist known for his studies of the way molecules fit together.

• 1991 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Dutch physicist who studied the effect of magnetism on light.

• 1902 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Hendrik Lorentz

German-American physicist who used radio-frequency beams to study the properties of atoms, molecules and subatomic particles.

• 1955 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Willis Lamb

Russian physicist known for his studies of low-temperature physics.

• 1978 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson

American physicist and author known for his work in quantum electrodynamics.

• 1965 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Julian Schwinger and Shinichiro Tomonaga

Canadian physicist who helped prove the existence of quarks, the fundamental building blocks of matter.

• 1990 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Jerome I. Friedman and Henry W. Kendall

American physicist who measured the elementary charge of electricity.

• 1923 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist known for his studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei.

• 1961 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Rudolf Mossbauer

American physicist who helped discover cosmic microwave background radiation.

• 1978 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Pyotr Kapitsa and Arno Penzias

German physicist known for his research on gamma radiation.

• 1961 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Robert Hofstadter

American physicist who helped discover a binary pulsar.

• 1993 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Joseph H. Taylor

American physicist who discovered the J-particle.

• 1976 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Burton Richter

American physicist known for his work on the electromagnetic interactions of elementary particles.

• 1979 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam

Japanese physicist known for his work in quantum electrodynamics.

• 1965 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Richard Feynman and Julian Schwinger

Dutch physicist known for his contribution to the discovery of the field particles W and Z.

• 1984 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Carlo Rubbia

American physicist known for his studies of the electromagnetic interactions of elementary particles.

• 1979 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam

Chinese-born American physicist who discovered parity violations in weak particle interactions.

• 1957 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Chen Ning Yang

American physicist who helped prove that particle interaction is affected by the direction of the flow of time.

• 1980 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with James Cronin

Austrian physicist who discovered cosmic radiation.

• 1936 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Carl Anderson

German physicist who studied radiation and subatomic particles.

• 1954 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Max Born

American physicist who helped develop the transistor.

• 1956 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with John Bardeen and William Shockley

German physicist known for his uncertainty principle, an important concept of quantum theory.

• 1932 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

German physicist who discovered X-rays, for which he was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics.

• 1901 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

German physicist known for his studies on the radiation of heat.

• 1911 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

British physicist known for using X-rays to analyze the structure of crystals.

• 1915 Nobel Prize winner in Physics with his son, William Lawrence Bragg

British physicist who used X-ray diffraction to study crystal structure.

• 1915 Nobel Prize winner in Physics with his father, William Henry Bragg

American physicist who helped develop the transistor.

• 1956 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with John Bardeen and Walter Brattain

American physicist known for his experiments on the fine structure of the spectrum.

• 1955 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Polykarp Kusch

Austrian-born American physicist who predicted the existence of neutrinos.

• 1945 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

German physicist known for helping develop the ion trap technique.

• 1989 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Norman Ramsey and Hans Dehmelt

American physicist known for his contributions to elementary particle physics.

• 1968 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

Indian-born American physicist who studied the life-cycle of stars.

• 1983 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with William Fowler

American physicist who studied the behavior of electrons in a magnetic environment.

• 1977 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Philip Anderson and Nevill Mott

American physicist known for his studies on the formation of chemical elements.

• 1983 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

American astrophysicist who explained energy production in stars.

• 1967 Nobel Prize winner in Physics

American physicist who discovered the neutrino.

• 1995 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Martin Perl

Italian inventor and electrical engineer.

• 1909 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Carl Braun

American physicist known for his neutron-scattering techiques.

• 1994 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Bertram N. Brockhouse

Canadian scientist known for his studies of neutron beams produced by nuclear reactors.

• 1994 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Clifford G. Shull

American physicist who discovered the tau particle.

• 1995 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Frederick Reines

American physicist known for his work on superconductivity.

• 1972 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with John Bardeen and Leon Cooper

American physicist who helped develop a technique for using lasers to trap atoms.

• 1997 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Claud Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips

Algerian-born French physicist who helped develop a technique for using lasers to trap atoms.

• 1997 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips

American physicist who helped develop a technique for using lasers to trap atoms.

• 1997 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Steven Chu and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji

American physicist. Known for his work on cooling the helium-3 isotope to a superfluid state.

• 1996 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Douglas D. Osheroff and Robert C. Richardson

American physicist. Known for his work on cooling the helium-3 isotope to a superfluid state.

• 1996 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with David M. Lee and Robert C. Richardson

American physicist. Known for his work on cooling the helium-3 isotope to a superfluid state.

• 1996 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with David M. Lee and Douglas D. Osheroff

1998 Nobel Laureate in Physics. Co-winner with Daniel C. Tsui and Horst L. Störmer ''for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations.''

• 1998 Nobel Laureate in Physics

1998 Nobel Laureate in Physics. Co-winner with Robert B. Laughlin and Daniel C. Tsui ''for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations.''

• 1998 Nobel Laureate in Physics

1998 Nobel Laureate in Physics. Co-winner with Robert B. Laughlin and Horst L. Störmer ''for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations.''

• 1998 Nobel Laureate in Physics

Dutch physicist

• Joint winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics with Martinus J.G.Veltman for '''' elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics ''''

Dutch physicist

• Joint winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gerardus ''t Hooft for ''''elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics ''''

Phycist

• 2000 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Herbert Kroemer and Jack S. Kilby

Physicist

• 2000 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Zhores I. Alferov and Jack S. Kilby

American physicist

• 2000 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with Zhores I. Alferov and Herbert Kroemer

German-American physicist known for her work on nuclear structure.

• 1963 Nobel Prize winner in physics, with Eugene Wigner and J. Hans Jensen

Polish-born French chemist known for her studies of radiation.

• 1903 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, with her husband Pierre and Antoine Becquerel